Human Resource Management Assignment: Contextual Factors Annotated Bibliography

Question

Task 1 : Identify five (5) journal articles that match the first five topics of this unit
That is, you must find one journal article per topic

1. Organisational structures or governance,
2. Environmental forces,
3. Risks confronting the firm,
4. Organisation and business practices, and
5. The functions of diverse firms.

2. Write a short 150 word introduction discussing why the contextual factors are important to organisational decision making. The introduction is 150 words in total not 150 words per article.

3. Write approximately 250 words per journal article that:

1. Defines the main contextual factor being discussed in the journal article,
2. Discusses the new findings in relation to the contextual factor, and
3. Highlights what these findings mean for managers in organisations.

4. Write a short 200 word conclusion recommending one specific contextual factor as most important to CQUniversity’s organisational performance. Explain your reasoning.

5. Write a reference list correctly

• It must use the APA referencing style
• Each reference appears before each annotated bibliography
• It has a hanging indentation
• There are specific fonts and formatting that must be used:

Derouiche, I., Hassan, M., & Amdouni, S. (2018). Ownership structure and investment-cash flow sensitivity. Journal of Management & Governance, 22(1), 31-54. DOI: 10.1007/s10997-017-9380-x

Answer

Introduction
This Human Resource Management Assignment annotated bibliography is designed to explore five contextual factors of business are being evaluated by discussing them with the help of a journal. The journals selected have been from the list of journal stated and they also belong to recent dates. This way the reliability of the journals can be ascertained. The report discusses each reason in detail and towards the end, one of the factors is described which can be applied to CQ University at present so that it can have a competitive edge in the market.

Organization structure
The Riddle Of Heterarchy: Power Transitions In Cross-Functional Teams

This Human Resource Management Assignment discusses the concept of the power hierarchy which is a conceptualization of the structures of power in the groups which are more fluid and dynamic as compared to the traditional hierarchical structures. The positive effect is being seen by the power hierarchies on the creativity of the team members. Then the working of such structures is being evaluated on the power, group functioning and the legitimacy of the organizations. The flat structures of organization, cross-functional teams and the varied number of the knowledge-based entrepreneurial startups act as an opportunity for the work practices democratization (Aime, Humphrey, DeRue & Paul, 2014).

This journal has aided in getting a comprehension to the managers that they must create a team culture in which the power expression may change as per the demand of the situation and this must also be considered legitimate by the entire team. The hierarchical structures must be designed in a way that the managers are able to have an understanding of the reassure which they have. They must know how to make use of the resources to fulfill the situational demands. Then by having the promotion of the rotated leadership the hierarchical structures could be developed in contrast to the culture penetrated in the rigidity of power relations and the hierarchy. They must try to help the employees to express their power in various situations. This Human Resource Management Assignment also provides an explanation as to how the manager can promote the organizational culture with processes, norms, and systems which support such power structures.

Environmental factors
Competing Technologies And Industry Evolution: The Benefits Of Making Mistakes In The Flat Panel Display Industry

The article has investigated the implications of technological choices made by the concerns. The managers have basically four type of options related to usage of technology until they are able to resolve uncertainty. The managers by outlining the micro and macro conditions tend to do better and they can know about the likelihood of the switching technologies success after doing the mistake (Eggers, 2014). The technological choices which the managers face and those involve the competing technologies have more effect on the form performance. This Human Resource Management Assignment has discussed the implication on the firm level in making the technological choices and it discusses the two ways in which technological choices influence the performance of the firms.

The results of the report have offered the implications for the managers who face the technological space which is uncertain. This has made it clear that the firms may be able to make the investments which lead to the creation of investment early and the idea where they put off their decisions to the investments may work as an opportunity to deal with uncertainty in technologies later. This way the managers have come to know how they can use the delay options for their benefits later. The example of making an investment in failed technology which later ended up in making an investment in winning technology has taught the managers so today a lesson about technology.

Risks faced by business
Top Management Conservatism And Corporate Risk Strategies: Evidence From Managers’ Personal Political Orientation And Corporate Tax Avoidance

This Human Resource Management Assignment article discusses that whether the personal political orientation helps in avoiding the extra at the firms they manage. The effect of the orientation done politically is more vital in explaining the differences in the tax avoidance in cases when the managers are entrenched (Christensen, Dhaliwal, Boivie & Graffin, 2014). Even earlier studies have also suggested that the managers who are entrenched are able to carry out and express policies which match with their preferences and attitudes. The influence of the manager on the tax avoidance is more often done by the managers who are changing the policies and the corporate culture.

The managers by the study of the journal have been able to find out that the political orientation of the executives almost remains the same over time. This has highlighted a new perspective that the tax avoidance can also be used to assess the fire risk. Then the process is also being explored in the article in which the risk preferences of the executives have an effect on the corporate outcomes. The study has helped in finding out that whether the newly appointed CEO at the company would be risk averse or risk taking. This overall has tried to judge the various risk-taking abilities of the person but this can be applied mostly to mergers and acquisitions companies.

Business Practices
Social Enterprises as Hybrid Organizations: A Review and Research Agenda*

The concept of the social enterprises has been highlighted in the journal and this has also attracted the attention of many practitioners and policymakers. They have presented the social enterprises as a hybrid form of organizations in which they are able to bridge the institutional fields. They are organizations which function not just to earn private gains but they are also for the generation of environmental and social externalities. So the overall intention of creating a financial sustainability along with the integration of the socially disadvantaged and excluded at the workplace are discussed in the report (Doherty, Haugh & Lyon, 2014). This way the issue has been concentrated on the social enterprises and the analysis is done of the organizational and institutional processes which are connected to the management and their creation. This also discusses the challenges faced by the managers in managing the Social enterprises.

The managers have come to know that the challenges have to meet by nurturing the relationship with the stakeholders and by maintaining the commitment to the social mission. The management processes have to be developed so that the responding can be done innovatively and creatively to the logic which is conflicting. So this way the managers have a clear understanding about the tensions, challenges and the trade-offs which relinked to the social enterprises and how they can be managed in the best possible way.

Functions of diverse firms
Collective Organizational Engagement: Linking Motivational Antecedents, Strategic Implementation, And Firm Performance

The contextual factor which is chosen in the article links to the human resource function of the organizations. This explains the comprehensive theory of integrative engagement and collective organizational engagement with regard to the resource management. The Human Resource Management Assignment article proposes that the management must be considered at organization level which is influenced by the organization practices which are a motivational focus (Barrick, Thurgood, Smith & Courtright, 2015). Three type of practices are evaluated in this human resource management practices, motivating the work designs and the transformational leadership by the CEO. The implementation has done strategically moderates the relationship between the collective organizational engagement and the organizational resources.

The managers have obtained an insight into how the employees can share their perceptions so that they work as a collective group. The leaders can have a great influence on the augmenting the impact of the resources of the organization in the strategic goals of the firm. So to direct the employees for a better level of engagement which further leads to the financial performance of the concern, the pursuing of the goals of the firm has to be bundled along with the resources which increase the motivation level of employees. So overall, the managers must lay emphasis on the organizational engagement which acts as a source of motivation and this would lead the organization towards success.

Conclusion
After discussing each contextual factor supported by a journal, it can be stated that the contextual factor which can be linked to CQ University is the functions of diverse firms. The University is the largest regional University of Australia which offers many certificates, degrees, and diplomas to students. The University in order to succeed in the future has to keep an eye on the functions performed by various departments of the University. They operate in a highly saturated and competitive industry and all the functions of the University have to work in coordination with each other so that the students get the best results out of it. The engagement level of all the employees working at the University has to be collected as this would in erase their motivation level. Overall the success of University would be influenced by such collective engagement levels. So in order to stay ahead in the market, this issue seems to be the most important factor for the unbeatable performance of the University. Moreover, the Human Resource Management Assignment outlines the role of the service industry, and actions on which students decide to study in that particular University or not.

References
Aime, F., Humphrey, S., DeRue, D., & Paul, J. (2014). The Riddle of Heterarchy: Power Transitions in Cross-Functional Teams. Academy Of Management Journal, 57(2), 327-352. doi: 10.5465/amj.2011.0756

Barrick, M., Thurgood, G., Smith, T., & Courtright, S. (2015). Collective Organizational Engagement: Linking Motivational Antecedents, Strategic Implementation, and Firm Performance. Academy Of Management Journal, 58(1), 111-135. doi: 10.5465/amj.2013.0227

Christensen, D., Dhaliwal, D., Boivie, S., & Graffin, S. (2014). Top management conservatism and corporate risk strategies: Evidence from managers' personal political orientation and corporate tax avoidance. Strategic Management Journal, 36(12), 1918-1938. doi: 10.1002/smj.2313

Doherty, B., Haugh, H., & Lyon, F. (2014). Social Enterprises as Hybrid Organizations: A Review and Research Agenda. International Journal Of Management Reviews, 16(4), 417-436. doi: 10.1111/ijmr.12028

Eggers, J. (2014). Competing technologies and industry evolution: The benefits of making mistakes in the flat panel display industry. Strategic Management Journal, 35(2), 159-178. doi: 10.1002/smj.2129